Fusi integration method using sog as a sacrificial planarization layer

ABSTRACT

A method for making a transistor  20  that includes using a transition metal nitride layer  200  and/or a SOG layer  220  to protect the source/drain regions  60  from silicidation during the silicidation of the gate electrode  90 . The SOG layer  210  is planarized to expose the transition metal nitride layer  200  or the gate electrode  93  before the gate silicidation process. If a transition metal nitride layer  200  is used, then it is removed from the top of the gate electrode  93  before the full silicidation of the gate electrode  90.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 11/338,028, filed Jan. 24,2006, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a method of fabricating a semiconductortransistor that has a fully silicided (“FUSI”) gate electrode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor structure inaccordance with the present invention.

FIGS. 2A-2J are cross-sectional diagrams of a process for forming atransistor in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the process flow of the inventiondescribed in FIGS. 2A-2J.

FIGS. 4A-4G are cross-sectional diagrams of a process for forming atransistor in accordance with another embodiment the invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the process flow of the inventiondescribed in FIGS. 4A-4G.

FIGS. 6A-6D are cross-sectional diagrams of a process for forming atransistor in accordance with another embodiment the invention.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the process flow of the inventiondescribed in FIGS. 6A-6D.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is described with reference to the attachedfigures, wherein like reference numerals are used throughout the figuresto designate similar or equivalent elements. The figures are not drawnto scale and they are provided merely to illustrate the invention.Several aspects of the invention are described below with reference toexample applications for illustration. It should be understood thatnumerous specific details, relationships, and methods are set forth toprovide a full understanding of the invention. One skilled in therelevant art, however, will readily recognize that the invention can bepracticed without one or more of the specific details or with othermethods. In other instances, well-known structures or operations are notshown in detail to avoid obscuring the invention. The present inventionis not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts or events, as someacts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other actsor events. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts or events are requiredto implement a methodology in accordance with the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of asemiconductor wafer 10 in accordance with the present invention. In theexample application a CMOS transistor 20 is formed within asemiconductor substrate 30 having an n-well or p-well region 40. Theremainder of the semiconductor wafer 10 may contain any combination ofactive or passive devices (not shown) such as additional CMOS, BiCMOSand bipolar junction transistors, capacitors, optoelectronic devices,inductors, resistors, and diodes.

The CMOS transistor 20 is electrically insulated from other activedevices by shallow trench isolation structures 50 formed within thesemiconductor substrate 30, 40; however, any conventional isolationstructure may be used such as field oxide regions or implanted isolationregions. The semiconductor substrate 30 is any semiconducting materialthat is doped with n-type and p-type dopants; however it may be anamorphous silicon substrate or a substrate that is fabricated by formingan epitaxial silicon layer on a single-crystal substrate.

Transistors, such as CMOS transistor 20, are generally comprised of agate, a source, and a drain. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, theactive portion of the transistors are comprised of source/drain regions60, source/drain extension regions 70, and a gate stack that iscomprised of a gate dielectric 80 and a gate electrode 90. In accordancewith the invention, the integration scheme will create a gate electrode90 that is fully silicided (“FUSI”). The CMOS transistor may be either ap-channel MOS transistor (“PMOS”) or an n-channel MOS transistor(“NMOS”).

In the example application shown in FIG. 1, the transistor 20 is a PMOStransistor. Therefore it is formed within an n-well region 40 of thesemiconductor substrate 30. In addition, the deep source and drainregions 60 and the source and drain extension regions 70 have p-typedopants such as boron. The source/drain regions 60 are usually heavilydoped. However, the source/drain extension regions 70 may be lightlydoped (“LDD”), medium doped (“MDD”), or highly doped (“HDD”). The PMOSgate stack is created from the oxide gate dielectric 80 and the gateelectrode 90 that is comprised of p-type doped polysilicon which hasbeen fully reacted with a transition metal (such as Ni or a Ni alloy).

It is within the scope of the invention for transistor 20 to be an NMOStransistor instead of a PMOS transistor. With this alternativeembodiment, each of the dopant types described above would be reversed.For example, if the transistor was an NMOS transistor then it would beformed within a p-well region of the semiconductor substrate. Inaddition, the deep source and drain regions and the source and drainextension regions would have n-type dopants such as arsenic,phosphorous, antimony, or a combination of n-type dopants. Thesources/drain regions of an NMOS transistor are usually heavily doped.However, the source/drain extension regions could be LDD, MDD, or HDD.An NMOS gate stack is created from an n-type doped polysilicon FUSI gateelectrode and an oxide gate dielectric. For clarity, this alternativetransistor structure will not be discussed in detail since it is wellknown in the industry how to reverse the dopant types to create an NMOStransistor that is the counterpart to the PMOS transistor describedherein.

An offset structure comprising extension sidewalls 100 and spacersidewalls 110 are used during the fabrication process to enable theproper placement of the source/drain extension regions 70 and thesources/drain regions 60, respectively. More specifically, the extensionregions 70 are usually formed using the gate stack 80, 90 and extensionsidewalls 100 as a mask. Similarly, the sources/drain regions 60 areusually formed with the gate stack and spacer sidewalls 110 as a mask.

The sources/drain regions 60—as well as other areas of exposed siliconsubstrate—have a layer of silicide 120 that is formed at some pointafter the gate electrode is fully silicided. The silicide layer 120 ispreferably NiSi; however, it is within the scope of the invention tofabricate the silicide 120 with other metals (such as cobalt, platinum,titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, or alloys of these metals).Moreover, the silicide layer 120 that is formed on the top surface ofthe sources/drain regions 60 may be a self-aligned silicide (i.e. a“salicide”)

The gate electrode 90 is fully silicided during the semiconductorfabrication process of the present invention. The FUSI gate electrode 90has the advantages of low resistance and no poly depletion in comparisonto polycrystalline silicon (i.e. “polysilicon” or “poly”) gateelectrodes. In addition, the fully silicided gate electrode 90facilitates the reduction of the contact resistance between thetransistor 20 and the electrical contacts 140/150. The FUSI gateelectrode is preferably comprised of NiSi; however, silicides of othernickel alloys may be used, such as NiYb silicides, NiAl silicides, orNiPt silicides. One advantage of a nickel FUSI gate electrode is that ithas a dual work function. In addition, nickel FUSI gate electrodes canbe manufactured at relatively low process temperatures and with minimalcontamination of the wafer—thereby maximizing manufacturing yields. Inaccordance with the invention, by using Spin-On-Glass (“SOG”) as asacrificial planarization layer as described below, the shallowsource/drain regions 60 are protected during the FUSI processing steps.In a preferred embodiment, a layer of transition metal nitride is alsoused to protect the shallow source/drain regions 60 during the FUSIprocessing steps.

Referring again to FIG. 1, a layer of dielectric insulation 130surrounds the transistor 20 (and also surrounds the other devices on thesemiconductor wafer). The composition of dielectric insulation 130 maybe any suitable material such as SiO₂ or organosilicate glass (“OSG”).The dielectric material 130 electrically insulates the metal contacts140 that electrically connects the CMOS transistor 20 that is shown inFIG. 1 to other active or passive devices (not shown) that are locatedthroughout the semiconductor wafer 10. An optional dielectric liner (notshown) may be formed over the semiconductor wafer before the placementof the dielectric insulation layer 130. If used, the dielectric linermay be any suitable material such as silicon nitride.

In this example application that is shown in FIG. 1, the contacts 140are comprised of W; however, any suitable material (such as Cu, Ti, Al,or an alloy) may be used. In addition, an optional liner material 150such as Ti, TiN, or Ta (or any combination or layer stack thereof) maybe used to reduce the contact resistance at the interface between theliners 150 and the silicided gate electrode 90 and sources/drain regions60.

Subsequent fabrication will create the “back-end” portion 160 of theintegrated circuit. The back-end 160 is generally comprised of one ormore interconnect layers (and possibly via layers) containing metalinterconnects 170 that properly route electrical signals and powerthough out the completed integrated circuit. The metal interconnects 170may contain any suitable metal such as Cu. In addition, the metalinterconnects 170 are electrically insulated by dielectric material 180,which may be any insulative material such as fluorinated silica glass(“FSG”) or OSG. Moreover, a thin dielectric layer 190 may be formedbetween the areas of dielectric material 180 of each interconnect layer.If used, the thin dielectric layer 190 may be comprised of any suitablematerial, such as SiC, SiCN, SiCO, or Si₃N₄. The very top portion of theback-end 160 (not shown) contains bond pads to connect the completedintegrated circuit to the device package. In addition, the top of theback-end portion 160 often contains an overcoat layer to seal theintegrated circuit.

Referring again to the drawings, FIGS. 2A-2J are cross-sectional viewsof a partially fabricated semiconductor wafer 10 illustrating a processfor forming an example PMOS transistor 20 in accordance with the presentinvention. Those skilled in the art of semiconductor fabrication willeasily understand how to modify this process to manufacture other typesof transistors (such as an NMOS transistor) in accordance with thisinvention. FIG. 3 is a corresponding flow chart illustrating the processflow of the invention.

FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a transistor structure 20 after theformation of a CMOS transistor on the top surface of a semiconductorsubstrate 30 (step 300). Specifically, the example transistor 20 at thisstage in the manufacturing process is comprised of an oxide gatedielectric 80, a polysilicon gate electrode 93, source/drain regions 60and source/drain extension regions 70. In addition, the transistor 20has extension sidewalls 100 and spacer sidewalls 110. This PMOStransistor 20 is formed using any manufacturing technique, such as themanufacturing technique described in the commonly assigned patentapplication having patent application Ser. No. 11/264,856 (AttorneyDocket Number TI-39663, filed Nov. 1, 2005) which is incorporated hereinby reference but is not admitted to be prior art with respect to thepresent invention by its mention in this section.

As shown in FIG. 2B, a layer of transition metal nitride 200 is nowformed over the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 (step 302). Inthis example application, the transition metal nitride 200 is blanketdeposited over the semiconductor substrate 30. Preferably, thetransition metal nitride is TiN; however other suitable materials may beused, such as TaN, WN, and CrN. The transition metal nitride layer 200may be deposited by any suitable process such as physical vapordeposition (“PVD”) and using any suitable machine such as the Endura(sold by Applied Materials).

Next, a layer of an inorganic/organometallic precursor 210, such as theprecursor that is used for Spin-On-Glass (“SOG”), is formed over thetransition metal nitride layer 200 as shown in FIG. 2C (step 304). TheSOG layer 210 is a sacrificial planarization layer for the FUSIintegration scheme of the present invention. The SOG precursor isspin-coated onto the surface of the semiconductor wafer 10 at anythickness which provides good planarization. When the spin-coatingprocess is complete the wafer is cured at a temperature that is usuallybelow 500° C. (which prevents the de-activation of the dopants that arepresent in the source/drain regions 60 and the extension regions 70). Inthe example application, the SOG 210 is Accufill X-T-28 (from Honeywell)and it is 1000-5000 Å thick. Any suitable machine may be used for thespin-coating process, such as the Clean Track ACT-8 (sold by TEL).

The height of the SOG layer 210 is now reduced to a level that exposesthe transition metal nitride layer 200 that is located over the gateelectrode 93, as shown in FIG. 2D (step 306). Preferably, the height ofthe SOG layer 210 is reduced with a dry etch process; however, it iswithin the scope of the invention to use another suitable manufacturingprocess such as a chemical mechanical polish (“CMP”). In the exampleapplication, an etcher such as DRM (sold by TEL) is used to etch-backthe SOG layer 210. In the example application, a selectivity of SOG toTiN as high as >100:1 is obtained with a typical oxide etch chemistry(such as C₄F₈+N₂+CO+Ar). If instead the SOG layer 210 is planarized witha CMP process, than any machine such as the Mira (sold by AppliedMaterials) may be used (with typical CMP slurry).

The next step in the fabrication of the PMOS transistor is the removalof the exposed portion of the transition metal nitride layer 200 (step308). As shown in FIG. 2E, a selective etch will remove the TiNtransition metal nitride layer 200 over the polysilicon gate electrode93 without removing the remaining SOG layer 210. In the exampleapplication, a selective wet etch process is performed using a machinesuch as the Mercury (sold by FSI). Standard etch chemistries such asNH₄OH+H₂O₂+H₂O (commonly called “SC-1”) may be used for this wet etchprocess. Alternatively, another suitable process may be used to removethe transition metal nitride layer 200 over the gate electrode 93, suchas a plasma etch process.

The remaining portions of the SOG layer 210 are now removed, as shown inFIG. 2F (step 310). It is within the scope of the invention to removethe remaining portions of the SOG layer 210 with any suitable processthat removes the SOG material without also removing portions of thetransition metal nitride layer 200 and the spacer sidewalls 110. In theexample application, the process that is used to remove the remainingportions of the SOG layer 210 is a selective etch using a solvent-basedetchant, such as NE-14 and a machine such as the SEZ-203 (sold by SEZ ofVilach Austria). An example of this selective etch process is describedin the commonly assigned provisional patent application havingProvisional Application Ser. No. 60/757,795 (Attorney Docket NumberTI-39999, filed Jan. 10, 2006, and titled “A Highly Selective Wet EtchMethod for FUSI Applications”) which is incorporated herein by referencebut is not admitted to be prior art with respect to the presentinvention by its mention in this section.

As shown in FIG. 2G, a layer of silicidation metal 220 is now depositedover the top surface of the semiconductor wafer 10 (step 312) using anysuitable deposition process such as PVD. The silicidation metal layer220 is preferably comprised of Ni; however, other nickel alloys may beused, such as NiYb, NiAl, or NiPt. The optimal thickness of thesilicidation metal layer 220 is determined by the amount of metalmaterial that is needed to fully silicidize the gate electrode 93.Because it takes approximately 1 nm of nickel to fully silicidizeapproximately 1.8 nm of polysilicon, the thickness of the silicidationmetal layer 220 should be at least 56% of the thickness of thepolysilicon gate electrode 93. To be comfortable however, it issuggested that the thickness of the silicidation metal layer 220 shouldbe at least 60% of the thickness of the polysilicon gate electrode 93.Thus, where the thickness of the polysilicon gate electrode 93 rangesfrom about 500 Å to 1300 Å in the example application, the thickness ofthe silicidation metal layer 220 should be at least 300 Å to 780 Å,respectively.

An optional cap layer 230 may now be formed over the silicidation metallayer 220, as shown in FIG. 2G. If used, the cap layer 230 acts as apassivation layer that prevents the diffusion of oxygen from ambientinto the silicidation metal layer 220. The cap layer 230 may be anysuitable material, such as TiN or Ti. In the example application, thecap layer is between 50-500 Å thick and it is deposited by a PVDprocess. Also in the example application, the deposition of both thesilicidation metal layer 220 and the cap layer 230 is carried out in acluster tool, such as the Endura (sold by Applied Materials).

In accordance with the invention, the semiconductor wafer 10 is nowannealed with a low temperature spike anneal process (step 314).Suitable machines, such as the RadiancePlus (sold by Applied Materials)or the Summit (sold by Axcelis) may be used for the low temperaturespike anneal process. In the example application, the low temperaturespike anneal is performed with a peak temperature less than 550° C. andin a process ambient containing an inert gas such as N₂, He, or acombination of inert gases. Preferably, the time above T_(peak) minus50° C. is 10 seconds or less. The result of this process is an atomicratio of reacted Ni to polysilicon of ≧1 for the gate electrode 93. Thisanneal process forms a nickel-rich gate silicide film (i.e. Ni₂Si)within the top 60-95% of the gate electrode 93. It is to be noted thatthe silicidation metal layer 220 will not react with the sources/drainregions 60 because they are protected from silicidation by thepreviously formed transition metal nitride layer 200.

The next step is the removal of the un-reacted portions of thesilicidaton metal layer 220 and the remaining portions of the transitionmetal nitride layer 200, as shown in FIG. 2H (step 316). Thesilicidation metal layer 220 and the transition metal nitride layer 200(plus the cap layer 230, if used) are removed with any suitable processsuch as a wet etch process. In the example application, a selective wetetch process is performed with a machine such as the Mercury (sold byFSI). Standard etch chemistries such as H₂SO₄+H₂O₂+H₂O may be used forthis wet etch process.

A second silicide anneal is performed at this point in the manufacturingprocess in order to fully react the partially-silicided polysilicon gateelectrode (step 318). In the example application, the second silicideanneal is a standard rapid thermal anneal (“RTA”) process that isperformed for 10-60 seconds at a temperature between 450-600° C. Thissecond silicide anneal will compete the formation of the FUSI gateelectrode 90, as shown in FIG. 2I. It is within the scope of theinvention to use alternative processes for the second silicide anneal,such as a spike anneal process with a peak temperature in the range of500-650° C.

The fabrication of the semiconductor wafer 10 now continues, usingstandard process steps, until the semiconductor device is complete. Asshown in FIG. 2J, the next fabrication step is usually the formation ofthe silicide layer 120 over the (now exposed) source/drain regions 60using any suitable process, such as those described in the co-pendingapplications that have been incorporated by reference above. Thefabrication of the integrated circuit then continues until theelectronic device is complete.

Alternative integration schemes are within the scope of this invention.For example, as shown in FIGS. 4A-4G, a SOG layer 210 alone may be usedto protect the source/drain regions 60 from silicidation during theformation of the FUSI gate electrode 90. The features in FIGS. 4A-4Gthat are designated with the same reference numbers as those in FIGS.1-2J represent like or similar features. Moreover, explanations ofprocess steps that are already described above will be shortened oromitted below. FIG. 5 is a corresponding flow chart illustrating theprocess flow of this alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a transistor structure 20 after theformation of a CMOS transistor on the top surface of a semiconductorsubstrate 30 (step 500). As shown in FIG. 4B, a layer of aninorganic/organometallic precursor 210 such as the precursor used in SOGis formed over the semiconductor wafer 10 (step 502). The SOG precursoris spin-coated onto the surface of the semiconductor wafer at anythickness that is greater than the height of the gate electrode 93 andthat also provides good planarization. When the spin-coating process iscomplete the wafer is cured at a temperature below 500° C. (to preventthe de-activation of the dopants that are present in the source/drainregions 60 and the source/drain extension regions 70).

The height of the SOG layer 210 is now reduced to a level that exposesthe gate electrode 93, as shown in FIG. 4C (step 504). Preferably, theheight of the SOG layer 210 is reduced with a dry etch process; however,it is within the scope of the invention to use another suitablemanufacturing process such as CMP. In the example application, an etchersuch as DRM (sold by TEL) is used to etch-back the SOG layer 210. Anytypical oxide etch chemistry may be used for this SOG etch. If insteadthe SOG layer 210 is planarized with a CMP process, than any machinesuch as the Mira (sold by Applied Materials) may be used (with astandard CMP slurry).

The next step in the fabrication of the PMOS transistor 20 is apre-clean of the semiconductor wafer 10 (step 506). Any suitable processmay be used to clean the semiconductor wafer in preparation for thedeposition of the silicidation metal layer 220. For example, an Enduramachine (sold by Applied Materials) my be used to perform a standard Arplasma sputter etch of the semiconductor wafer 10.

As shown in FIG. 4D, a layer of silicidation metal 220 is now depositedover the top surface of the semiconductor wafer 10 (step 508) using anysuitable deposition process such as PVD. The silicidation metal layer220 is preferably comprised of Ni; however, other nickel alloys may beused, such as NiYb, NiAl, or NiPt. The optimal thickness of thesilicidation metal layer 220 is determined by the amount of metalmaterial that is needed to fully silicidize the gate electrode 93.

An optional cap layer 230 may be formed over the silicidation metallayer 220, as shown in FIG. 4D. If used, the cap layer 230 acts as apassivation layer that prevents the diffusion of oxygen from ambientinto the silicidation metal layer 220. The cap layer 230 may be anysuitable material, such as TiN or Ti.

In accordance with the invention, the semiconductor wafer 10 is nowannealed with a low temperature spike anneal process (step 510). Anysuitable machine, such as the RadiancePlus (sold by Applied Materials)or the Summit (sold by Axcelis) may be used for the low temperaturespike anneal process. In the example application, the low temperaturespike anneal is performed with a peak temperature less than 550° C. andin a process ambient containing an inert gas such as N, He, or acombination of inert gases. Preferably, the time above T_(peak) minus50° C. is 10 seconds or less. This anneal process forms a nickel-richgate silicide film (i.e. Ni₂Si) within the top 60-95% of the gateelectrode 93. It is to be noted that the silicidation metal layer 220will not react with the sources/drain regions 60 because they areprotected from silicidation by the previously formed SOG layer 210.

The next step is the removal of the un-reacted portions of thesilicidaton metal layer 220, as shown in FIG. 4E (step 512). Thesilicidation metal layer 220 (and the cap layer 230, if used) is removedwith any suitable process such as a wet etch process.

A second silicide anneal is performed at this point in the manufacturingprocess in order to fully react the partially-silicided polysilicon gateelectrode (step 514). In the example application, the second silicideanneal is a standard RTA. This second silicide anneal will compete theformation of the FUSI gate electrode 90, as shown in FIG. 4F. It iswithin the scope of the invention to use alternative processes for thesecond silicide anneal, such as a spike anneal process.

The remaining portions of the SOG layer 210 are now removed, as shown inFIG. 4G (step 516). It is within the scope of the invention to removethe remaining portions of the SOG layer 210 with any suitable processthat removes the SOG material without also removing portions of the FUSIgate electrode 90 and the spacer sidewalls 110. In the exampleapplication, the process that is used to remove the remaining portionsof the SOG layer 210 is a selective etch using a solvent-based etchant,such as NE-14, with a machine such as the SEZ-203 (sold by SEZ).However, another suitable process, such as a wet etch with a dilute HFsolution, may be used to remove the SOG 210. The fabrication of thesemiconductor wafer 10 now continues, using standard process steps,until the semiconductor device is complete.

Another embodiment within the scope of the invention is shown in FIGS.6A-6D. FIG. 7 is a corresponding flow chart illustrating the processflow of this alternative embodiment of the invention. The first part ofthe integration scheme of this embodiment is similar to steps 300-308(FIGS. 2A-2E), therefore the explanation of those steps are omittedhere. The partially fabricated CMOS transistor 20 at this stage of themanufacturing process is shown in FIG. 6A. As shown in FIG. 6B, a layerof metal 220 is now deposited over the top surface of the semiconductorwafer 10 (step 700) using any suitable deposition process such as PVD.The silicidation metal layer 220 is preferably comprised of Ni; however,other nickel alloys may be used, such as NiYb, NiAl, or NiPt. Theoptimal thickness of the silicidation metal layer 220 is determined bythe amount of metal material that is needed to fully silicidize the gateelectrode 93.

An optional cap layer 230 may be formed over the silicidation metallayer 220, as shown in FIG. 6B. The cap layer 230 may be any suitablematerial, such as TiN or Ti.

In accordance with the invention, the semiconductor wafer 10 is nowannealed with a low temperature spike anneal process (step 702). Anysuitable machine, such as the RadiancePlus (sold by Applied Materials)or the Summit (sold by Axcelis) may be used for the low temperaturespike anneal process. In the example application, the low temperaturespike anneal is performed with a peak temperature less than 550° C. andin a process ambient containing an inert gas such as N₂, He, or acombination of inert gases. Preferably, the time above T_(peak) minus50° C. is 10 seconds or less. This anneal process forms a nickel-richgate silicide film (i.e. Ni₂Si) within the top 60-95% of the gateelectrode 93. It is to be noted that the silicidation metal layer 220will not react with the sources/drain regions 60 because they areprotected from silicidation by the previously formed transition metalnitride layer 200 (and SOG layer 210).

The next step is the removal of the un-reacted portions of thesilicidaton metal layer 220, the remaining SOG layer 210, and theremaining transition metal nitride layer 200 (plus the cap layer 230, ifused), as shown in FIG. 6C (step 704). Alternatively, the SOG andtransition metal nitride layers 210,200 may be removed in a separateprocess (than the removal of the un-reacted portions of the silicidatonmetal layer 220) after the second anneal (similar to the process of FIG.5). Any suitable process that doesn't damage the silicided gateelectrode 93 and the spacer sidewalls 110 may be used. In the exampleapplication, a selective wet etch process is performed using a machinesuch as the Mercury (sold by FSI). Standard etch chemistries such asNH₄OH+H₂O₂+H₂O may be used for this wet etch process.

A second silicide anneal is performed at this point in the manufacturingprocess in order to fully react the partially-silicided polysilicon gateelectrode (step 706). In the example application, the second silicideanneal is a standard RTA. This second silicide anneal will compete theformation of the FUSI gate electrode 90, as shown in FIG. 6D. However,it is within the scope of the invention to use alternative processes forthe second silicide anneal, such as a spike anneal process. Thefabrication of the semiconductor wafer 10 now continues, using standardprocess steps, until the semiconductor device is complete.

Various additional modifications to the invention as described above arewithin the scope of the claimed invention. For example, instead of usingSOG for the sacrificial planarization layer, other inorganic/organicmetallica precursor chemistries may be used, such as SiLK, DUO or ozoneTEOS. In addition, an additional anneal process may be performed afterany step in the above-described fabrication process. When used, ananneal process can improve the microstructure of materials and therebyimprove the quality of the semiconductor structure. Moreover, higheranneal temperatures may be used in order to accommodate transistorshaving thicker polysilicon gate electrodes. Furthermore, the use ofalternative anneal process are within the scope of the invention, suchas flash lamp annealing (“FLA”) or laser annealing.

While various embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it should be understood that they have been presented by way ofexample only, and not limitation. Numerous changes to the disclosedembodiments can be made in accordance with the disclosure herein withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the breadthand scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of theabove described embodiments. Rather, the scope of the invention shouldbe defined in accordance with the following claims and theirequivalents.

1. A method for making a fully silicided gate electrode of a transistoron a semiconductor wafer, comprising: forming said transistor on saidsemiconductor wafer; forming a layer of transition metal nitride oversaid semiconductor wafer; forming a layer of SOG over said transitionmetal nitride layer; removing a portion of said SOG layer, wherein saidremoved portion is the portion of said SOG layer that extends above atop surface of said transition metal nitride layer that is located overa top surface of a gate electrode of said transistor; removing saidtransition metal nitride layer that is located over said top surface ofsaid gate electrode; forming a layer of silicidation metal over saidsemiconductor wafer; performing a first silicide anneal; removingremaining portions of said transition metal nitride layer and said SOGlayer and unreacted portions of said silicidation metal layer; andperforming a second silicide anneal to fully silicide said gateelectrode.
 2. A method for making a fully silicided gate electrode of atransistor on a semiconductor wafer, comprising: forming said transistoron said semiconductor wafer; forming a layer of SOG over saidsemiconductor wafer; removing a portion of said SOG layer, wherein saidremoved portion is the portion of said SOG layer that extends above atop surface of a gate electrode of said transistor; performing apre-clean of said semiconductor wafer; forming a layer of silicidationmetal over said semiconductor wafer; performing a first silicide anneal;removing unreacted portions of said silicidation metal layer; performinga second silicide anneal to fully silicide said gate electrode; andremoving all remaining portions of said SOG layer.
 3. The method ofclaim 17 wherein said silicidation metal layer comprises Ni.
 4. Themethod of claim 17 wherein said step of performing said pre-clean ofsaid semiconductor wafer comprises an Ar plasma sputter etch.
 5. Themethod of claim 17 further comprising forming a cap layer over saidsilicidation metal layer prior to said step of performing said firstsilicide anneal.
 6. The method of claim 20 wherein said cap layercomprises TiN.
 7. The method of claim 20 further comprising removingsaid cap layer during said step of removing unreacted portions of saidsilicidation metal layer.
 8. The method of claim 17 wherein said step ofremoving a portion of said SOG layer comprises an etch-back process. 9.The method of claim 17 wherein said step of removing a portion of saidSOG layer comprises a CMP process.
 10. The method of claim 17 whereinsaid step of removing all remaining portions of said SOG layer comprisesa selective etch process.
 11. The method of claim 17 wherein said stepof removing unreacted portions of said silicidation metal layercomprises a wet etch process.
 12. The method of claim 17 furthercomprising silicidation of a source and a drain of said transistor. 13.The method of claim 17 wherein said first silicide anneal is a lowtemperature RTP.
 14. The method of claim 17 wherein said second silicideanneal is a RTP.
 15. A method for making a fully silicided gateelectrode of a transistor on a semiconductor wafer, comprising: formingsaid transistor on said semiconductor wafer; forming a layer oftransition metal nitride over said semiconductor wafer; forming a layerof SOG over said transition metal nitride layer; removing a portion ofsaid SOG layer, wherein said removed portion is the portion of said SOGlayer that extends above a top surface of said transition metal nitridelayer that is located over a top surface of a gate electrode of saidtransistor; removing said transition metal nitride layer that is locatedover said top surface of said gate electrode; forming a layer ofsilicidation metal over said semiconductor wafer; performing a firstsilicide anneal; removing unreacted portions of said silicidation metallayer; performing a second silicide anneal to fully silicide said gateelectrode; and removing remaining portions of said transition metalnitride layer and said SOG layer.